islamic jihad organizationislamic jihad organization

20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. IRTPA provides that an FTO may file a petition for revocation 2 years after its designation date (or in the case of redesignated FTOs, its most recent redesignation date) or 2 years after the determination date on its most recent petition for revocation. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Web.

"[7] Wright is more circumspect, saying: "Islamic Jihad was clearly pro-Iranian in ideology, but some doubts existed among both Muslim moderates and Western diplomats about whether it was actually directed by Iran rather than home-grown."[4].

30 Sept. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Watson, Laurie. [3] Fletcher, Molly. Web. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. [6] The EIJ officially merged into AQ in 1998 and its members became an integral part of many of AQs operations, including its 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is an Islamic, Palestinian nationalist organization that violently opposes the existence of Israel. Web. Web.

Web.

Web. 22 July 1985. There are no recorded name changes for this group. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[27] and journalist Lawrence Wright[28] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations.

IMU has made public claims in support of ISIL, potentially fracturing their longstanding ties with the Afghan Taliban. In May 2009, el Debek traveled from Lebanon, through Malaysia, to Thailand, where his mission was to clean up explosive precursors in a house in Bangkok that others had left because they were under surveillance.

In addition, El Debek is charged in an unrelated complaint, for allegedly possessing extensive bomb making training received from Hezbollah. [50][39][51], This organization is no longer active.

26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. [2] The EIJ also was known for its specialty training and strategic planning skills, which it likely acquired while fighting alongside the Mujahedeen in the Soviet-Afghan War in the late 1980s.

New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly.

"[14], A 2003 decision by an American court named Islamic Jihad as the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, and parts of the Middle East, and Europe. (12 killed, 28 wounded)[1], August 1993: The EIJ unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate the Egyptian Minister of the Interior, Hassan al-Alfi, using a vehicle born improvised explosive device (VBIED). The Sudanese governments actions were largely a result of the mounting pressure from Egypt to expel the group following the EIJs failed attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 1995. "Spanish bomb blast blamed on Jihad / Madrid restaurant explosion blamed on Muslim group.". 30 Sept. 2015. 20 August 2015; Salah, Muhammad. The US State Department in May 2011 designated Imirat Kavkaz as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group under Executive Order 13224. [2] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007.

WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah The continued presence in South Lebanon allowed the PIJ and Hezbollah to launch joint attacks in the 1990s. [22] Around the same time, Ahmad Salama Mabruk, the membership director of the EIJ, was captured in Azerbaijan by the CIA and eventually also extradited to Egypt. Web. Although he remained the nominal leader of the EIJ through most of the 1980s, Sayyed Imam al-Sharif took control of the groups day to day leadership in the mid 1980s. Upon the expiration of the seven-day waiting period and in the absence of Congressional action to block the designation, notice of the designation is published in the Federal Register, at which point the designation takes effect. Another portion of GI, however, appears to have remained militant and on good terms with the EIJ, and many of its members apparently fought alongside EIJ and AQ members in Afghanistan in the late 1980s. The Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah responsible for the planning, preparation, and execution of intelligence, counterintelligence, and terrorist activities on behalf of Hizballah outside of Lebanon. Los Angeles Times. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. 3 Oct. 2015.

Web. (The term material support or resources is defined in 18 U.S.C. Thanks to the outstanding work of the FBI and NYPD, the allegedly destructive designs of these two Hizballah operatives have been thwarted, and they will now face justice in a Manhattan federal court., Assistant Director in Charge Sweeney Jr. said: The charges announced today reveal once again that the New York City region remains a focus of many adversaries, demonstrated as alleged in this instance by followers of a sophisticated and determined organization with a long history of coordinating violent activities on behalf of Hizballah. Web.

After the MNF bombing, the New York Times reported that "Lebanese police sources, Western intelligence sources, Israeli Government sources and leading Shi'ite Moslem religious leaders in Beirut are all convinced that there is no such thing as Islamic Jihad," as an organization, no membership, no writings, etc. The PIJ, despite being a Sunni group, took inspiration from revolutionary, theocratic Shia ideals espoused during the 1979 Iranian Revolution that established an Islamic regime.

Web. [1] Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. Web. The EIJ was a radical Salafi Islamist organization. [16] Orr, Tamra. [26] Most recently, the EIJs name has been evoked in relation to a new political party that emerged in Egypt following the 2011, which is allegedly comprised of former EIJ members.

The IMU seeks to overthrow the government in Uzbekistan and establish a radical Islamist caliphate in all of Turkestan, which it considers to be the Central Asian region between the Caspian Sea and Xinjiang in western China. al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qidah (the Base), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s. Any U.S. financial institution that becomes aware that it has possession of or control over funds in which a designated FTO or its agent has an interest must retain possession of or control over the funds and report the funds to the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

2339A(b)(1) as any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials. 18 U.S.C. 122; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Baer claims the order for 1983 US embassy bombing is widely believed to have originated high up in the Iranian Islamic Republic's hierarchy.

Their subsequent execution infuriated the Sudanese government and led it to finally expel the EIJ from Sudan in 1996. 30 Sept. 2015. By law an organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register. [5] Al-Qaedas Remaining Leaders. BBC News, 16 June 2015. 2006. pg. As a result of this reliance, the EIJ was forced to shift its focus from overthrowing the Egyptian government towards AQs global vision of Jihad.

Kourani transmitted some of the products of his surveillance and intelligence-gathering efforts back to IJO personnel in Lebanon using digital storage media. 26 Aug. 2014; Wright, Lawrence. Ties between EIJ and al-Qaeda continued to deepen. [5] Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shi'ite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards' contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. 5 Oct. 2015. 129.

The charges contained in the Complaints are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty. 20 August 2015; Gebara, Khalil.

[10] Furthermore, it was during this period that the EIJ first began to recruit Afghan Arab members. The organizations terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States. 20 August 2015. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic language: , Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a fundamentalist Shia group known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. Among his destinations were Iran, Lebanon, and California. [3], Sayyed Imam al-Sharif (unknown-unknown): Sharif appears to have led the EIJ for some portion of the late 1980s following the groups relocation to Afghanistan. This website contains only information in the public domain that has been verified and disseminated by US Government sources.

While there is no universally accepted transliteration of Arabic names and terms, this edition of the Counterterrorism Calendar adheres to a transliteration system that is generally used throughout the US Government. 2339A(b)(3) further provides that for these purposes the term expert advice or assistance means advice or assistance derived from scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge.. El Debek received training in basic military tactics, the handling of various weapons, surveillance and counter-surveillance techniques, and the creation and handling of explosives and explosive devices. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic: , romanized:arakat al-Jihd al-'Islmiyy) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. by Claire Klobucista, Jonathan Masters and Mohammed Aly Sergie

[11] Gebara, Khalil.

[12] It was during this time that Zawahiri, who was working as a field doctor outside of Peshawar, met a young but influential Mujahedeen leader named Osama bin Laden. CISAC is a research center at theFreeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. whose name was "used by those involved to disguise their true identity. 2006. pg. [14], In 1991, Zawahiri assumed official control of the EIJ; it remains unclear what precipitated this leadership change or what became of Sharif. Mapping Militant Organizations. However, after the crackdown that followed Sadats assassination, one branch of GI apologized for its involvement in Sadats murder and denounced the EIJ, Al Qaeda, and their use of violence to achieve their goals. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Kourani and certain of his relatives were present during the summer 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah in Lebanon, when a residence belonging to his family was destroyed. The exact meaning of the term jihd depends on context; it has often been erroneously translated in the West as holy war. Academic and Higher Education Webinars, C.V. Starr & Co.

The Looming Tower. The Looming Tower.

[10] Fletcher, Molly. After lawfully entering the U.S. in 2003, Kourani obtained a Bachelor of Science in biomedical engineering in 2009, and a Masters of Business Administration in 2013. Kourani, who was born in Lebanon, attended Hizballah-sponsored weapons training in Lebanon in 2000 when he was approximately 16 years old. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 26 Aug. 2014. Although the Egyptian government has claimed that the Iranian government funded and otherwise supported the EIJ, there is no evidence to prove this connection. 2006. by Lindsay Maizland Partially as a result of this rivalry and partially as a result of the EIJs declining presence within Egypt, the groups funding sources within Egypt began to dry up. WebThe Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) is an extremist organization that splintered from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan in the early 2000s and is currently based in Pakistans Federally [1] Sageman, Marc.

by Thomas Graham Because of lunar observation and differences in time zones, the observance of Islamic holidays and calendar dates may vary from region to region.

An official website of the United States Government, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S.

It was in Peshawar, Pakistan, that EIJs leaders Sayyid Imam al-Sharif and Ayman al-Zawahiri became acquainted with the Saudi financier and organizer Osama bin Laden, who founded the al-Qaeda network in the late 1980s. The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause.

After splitting from the Muslim Brotherhood in the late 1970s, Shaqaqi and Awda operated the PIJ from Egypt until 1981, when the Egyptian government exiled the group to Gaza following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat.

30 Sept. 2015. After its assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981 and the subsequent crackdown by the Egyptian government, many of the EIJs leaders moved to Afghanistan, where they fought the Soviets alongside the Mujahedeen.

Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008.

Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Web. The Global Jihad Brotherhood: Egyptian Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. 24 Sept. 2001.

[1] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown.

20 August 2015. 2006. The US State Department in September 2000 designated the IMU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. [6] After merging the EIJ into AQ in 1998, Zawahiri became bin Ladens second in command, and is often considered to be the operational mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. WebJihad (/ d h d /; Arabic: , romanized: jihd [dihad]) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. March 22, 2023

However, it is clear that by 1991, Zawahiri had assumed official control of the EIJ.

On his computer, Egyptian authorities found a list with the names and addresses of all EIJ members. Web. Oct. 12 2015; Wright, Lawrence.

In 1997, the U.S. Department of State designated Hizballah a Foreign Terrorist Organization, pursuant to Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and it remains so designated today. In the period 2010-2013, it carried out high-profile suicide bombings against civilian targets in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia that killed dozens. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [3] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. by Lindsay Maizland The EIJ appears to have broken ties with Zumar by at least 1991, if not before, at which time Zawahiri took formal control of the organization. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [5] This shift ultimately culminated in the EIJs merger into AQ in 1998 and Zawahiris co-authorship of a 1998 fatwa proclaiming Jihad against all Westerners and Western interests in the Middle East.[6]. [3], The EIJ and Al Qaeda became allies in the early 1980s. It does not seek political representation within the Palestinian Authority. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly.

WebGenerally, Islamic Jihad and the various other groups claim responsibility for attacks aimed at American or Israeli interests.

Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. It is unknown what became of Sharif at this point. Web. First was the landmark case colloquially known as the Returnees from Albania, in which the Albanian government agreed to extradite to Egypt 12 exiled EIJ. Anger over France's providing of arms to Iran's enemy, 25 May 1985. [9] Gebara, Khalil.

WebIslamic Jihad Organization (IJO) Leaders: Imad Mughniyeh: Dates of operation: early 19831992: Headquarters: Beirut, Baalbek: Size: 400 fighters: Allies: Iranian Revolutionary Guards Hezbollah Amal Movement Islamic Dawa Party: Opponents: Israel Defense Forces

In early 2012, el Debek again traveled to Panama for Hizballah, passing through New York and New Jersey, and was asked to identify areas of weakness and construction at the Panama Canal, as well as provide information about how close someone could get to a ship passing through the Canal. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.