A study conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia indicated the recent mean change in temperature as a reason for territorial expansion to 16002400 m asl where approximately 43% of Ethiopia's total population currently lives [17]. 24512473, 1999. Three leading modes of EOF and principal component analysis (PCA) of FMAM (a) and JJAS (b) seasonal precipitation.

Improve water storage and use is some of measures taken by cities and towns. 0000012705 00000 n The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation, resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. [69] who reported that maximum one-day and five-day precipitation totals over a year are projected to increase over a majority of the Greater Horn of Africa including our study area.

Recent reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that the intensity and frequency of extremes are likely to increase over many areas including East Africa.

13451358, 2004. Ethiopia as a large country in the Horn of Africa is characterized by a wide variety of altitudinal ranges and diverse climatic conditions. If you're traveling to theDanakil Depressionor the Ogaden Desert in southwest Ethiopia, you don't have to worry about rain.

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The bimodal types are short rain in February-April and the long rain from June to early September. Projections suggest a 30 percent decrease in flow volume on several Nile tributaries by 2050. 0000001853 00000 n The projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes are likely to have significant negative impacts on various socioeconomic activities over Ethiopia. 156 45

19, pp. The Hulun Lake (HLL) and its surrounding grasslands in Northeast Inner Mongolia of China comprise a The goal is to reduce our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate change such as extreme weather events or food insecurity. H. B. Mann, Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, vol. 0000004710 00000 n This study was aimed to investigate the nonlinear effects of climate and environmental factors on monthly malaria cases in northwest Ethiopia, considering space-time interaction effects. Data for specific coordinatescan be downloaded for in the Data Download page.

[5], Seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia basically occurs by the migration of the intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which tends fluctuating over course of years, oscillating across the equator from its northern most position over northern Ethiopia in July and August, to its south bending its position over the southern Kenya in January and February. 3, p. 112, 2018. Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms. The summer Solstice: on June 21st, the northern hemisphere has maximum tilt towards the sun experiencing longest daylight of the year.

Increase the use of renewable energy such as solar. The Autumn equinox: appears to happen when the sun crosses equator giving approximately equal length between day and night.

Thanks to its location on an elevated plateau, Addis Ababa enjoys a pleasantly cool climate that can be a welcome respite for travelers arriving from the country's desert areas. 17841799, 2015. The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia.

endstream endobj 170 0 obj <>stream Comparison plot of R10 between observed and projected precipitation extremes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. 39, no. T. Watanabe, How do irrigation and drainage play an important role in climate change adaptation? Irrigation and Drainage, vol. The inlet is part of the even more massive Glacier Bay that boasts more than a P. D. Jones and M. Hulme, Calculating regional climatic time series for temperature and precipitation: methods and illustrations, International Journal of Climatology, vol.

Figure 12 indicates that the spatial variance of temperature increases remarkably from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 climate scenario. 118, no. 245259, 1945. The spatiotemporal changes in precipitation extremes including the annual duration of consecutive wet days (CWD), total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT), very wet days (R95p), extremely wet days (R99p), the number of heavy precipitation days (R10, R20, and R25), and simple day intensity index (SDII) show a variable and decreasing trend over Addis Ababa, Jimma, and Combolcha for the period from 2011 to 2100 (Figures 8 and 9; Table 4). The region is boundary between the hot arid (Bereha) and the humid climates (WoinaDega). Kolla is the climate of the hot lowlands with an altitudinal range of 500 to 1500 meters above sea level. Webtemperature, identifying significant reductions in rainfall and increases in temperature over time in many areas of Ethiopia. The severe drought of 2015-2016 was exacerbated by the strongest El Nino that caused successive harvest failures and widespread livestock deaths in some regions. Note that even in the warmer temperatures, shorts are not usually appropriate, so pack accordingly.

Upward trends in air temperature of + 0.03 C year 1 and downward trends in rainfall of 0.4 mm month 1 year 1 have been observed over Ethiopia's southwestern region in the period 1948-2006. Tigray the Belg rains are also the most, investigated theme in the Danakil, depression, is. Moreover, the global climate system and any changes that occur within it also influence local climate. 4, pp. We focused on coupled models because these are the primary tools used for both 2011a). The authors are grateful to the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency (NMA) and CMIP5 modelling groups for providing the data utilized in this study.

Hence, these determining factors are called controls of weather and climate or climatic controls. The MannKendall test was used to assess the magnitude and significance of the changes.

11, pp. Besides spatial and temporal variations in different parts of the country, Ethiopian climate experiences extremes such as drought, flood etc. Its elevation ranges from 1176 m in the south to 3328 m in the north ( Figure 1 ). The results of the standardized seasonal rainfall anomaly and EOF analysis trend show a decreasing rainfall in the JJAS season and significant variability in the FMAM season. The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded. 945952, 1995. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and the annual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes.

Temperatures across Ethiopia can range from 15C over the highlands, to above 25C in the lowlands. 9, Article ID e1500682, 2015. J. S. Babatolu and R. T. Akinnubi, Surface temperature anomalies in the river Niger basin development authority areas, Nigeria, Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, vol. Section B and Section C summarize the software, packages, and calculation of climate extreme indices based on World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommendations and statistical MK test equation analysis. 81558164, 2015. 20, pp.

A. Kidanu, K. Rovin, and K. Hardee-Cleaveland, Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with Adaptation to Climate Change: Views from Ethiopia, Population Action International, Washington, DC, USA, 2009. Following the directness of the Sun in March and September around the equatorthe ITCZ shifts towards equator.

105, no. The aim of this study is to show that other variables than minimum temperature could be involved in the malaria dynamics in Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2007. MoWR/NMA, Government Humanitarian Partners Joint Flood Contingency Plan for 2007 Main Rainy Season in Ethiopia, MoWR/NMA, New Delhi, India, 2007. Rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. For example, three Ethiopian cities, Bako, Addis Ababa, and Awash all lies on the 90 N latitude, and therefore they might be expected to receive equal magnitudes of direct rays from the sun and therefor equal temperature.

J. Sillmann, V. V. Kharin, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers, and D. Bronaugh, Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: part 1. High 73F. 190202, 2002.

Because of the variability, intensity, and frequency of precipitation extremes during the main rainy season, frequent drought and flood occurred and affected various socioeconomic activities, predominantly in agricultural and water resource sectors (Figure 6). 1, pp. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa within 315N and 3348E, bordered with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the east, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, and Somalia to the south and east. The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million in the last 150 years.

The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia. 5874, 2014. [20] also observed a few extreme climate indices over GHA by using the PRECIS regional climate model (RCM) for the period 20102040 and indicated an increasing trend in warm days and warm nights over the region. endstream endobj 157 0 obj <>>> endobj 158 0 obj <> endobj 159 0 obj >/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/W/Thumb 146 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 160 0 obj <> endobj 161 0 obj <> endobj 162 0 obj [/ICCBased 180 0 R] endobj 163 0 obj <> endobj 164 0 obj <> endobj 165 0 obj <> endobj 166 0 obj <>stream The Centre has a bimodal type of rainfall. See more. These zones have traditionally been defined in terms of temperature. Winds NNE at 15 to 25 mph. It is increasingly clear that many African countries are already experiencing erratic impacts of climate change [60]. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. I. Niang, O. Ruppel, M. Abdrabo et al., Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability.
According to the report of World Bank [63], the mean annual rainfall will decrease by 1025% in the central highlands, by 010% in the south, and by more than 25% in the northern areas of the country in the coming periods.

The Climate of Ethiopia is highly diverse, ranging from equatorial rainforest with high rainfall and humidity in the south and southwest, to Afromontane regions on the summits of Semien and Bale Mountains to desert region in northeast, east and southeast Ethiopia. Keep me logged in. R. Basu and J. M. Samet, Relation between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic evidence, Epidemiologic Reviews, vol.

10071023, 1993.

The rapid population growth and inappropriate traditional farming and management practices put intense pressure on the countrys soil, water, and biodiversity resources [71].

The JJAS seasonal standardized rainfall anomaly result indicated that it was variable and erratic over eastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of Ethiopia (Figures 2(d) and 3). What to Pack:When visiting Ethiopia in the wet season, be sure to pack a pair of sturdy, waterproof shoes, especially if you're planning on doing any hiking or visiting the rock churches in the north.

It is the astronomical first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.



We understand your requirement and provide quality works.

10, no. I. Harris, P. D. Jones, T. J. Osborn, and D. H. Lister, Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations-the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, vol.

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In the far south, far west and far east of the country, averagedaily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius).

Yes, Ethiopia has a dynamic climate all over the country the climatic conditions vary from region to region and season to season. I. T. Jolliffe, Principal Component Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 2002. [80] observed a projected temperature increase within the African tropics varying from 3 to 7C for the period 20732098. The

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Most of the highland regions like Lalibela and Gondar are at an elevation above 2,000m (6,561ft), enjoying considerable climate year-round. It refers to any change in climate over time, due to either natural variability or human activities. This study examined changes of extreme temperature and precipitation by using meteorological and CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature and precipitation.

Daily rainfall and temperature data were used to analyze 23 extreme climate indices. Average annual temperature ranges between 20oc and 30oc.

WebTrends in Temperature Variability Over the last decades, Ethiopia has experienced climatic changes. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Webdynamics, branch of physical science and subdivision of mechanics that is concerned with the motion of material objects in relation to the physical factors that affect them: force, mass, momentum, and energy. 65, no. Past studies showed the observed reduction in a rainfall trend over East Africa especially in the MarchMay seasonal rainfall, and the reduction is consistent in various datasets ranging from gridded, observed, proxy, to model datasets [1419]. 15, pp. 13731388, 1998.

Time-series plot of consecutive wet days (a), consecutive dry days (b), and the number of heavy precipitation days at 10mm (c). Now the question one should inquire here is what determines the variations in weather and climate between places and seasons. 227257, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1995.

364367, 1997. The FMAM seasonal standardized rainfall anomaly revealed significant variability over eastern, southeastern, northern, and northeastern portions of the country (Figures 2(c) and 3). Strong wind, high temperature, low relative humidity, and little cloud cover usually characterize Bereha. MoWE, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Water and Energy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013, http://www.mowr.gov.et/. The temporal and spatial distributions of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation coverage have been investigated for the two agricultural productive seasons from (20002008), using data from 11 meteorological station and MODIS satellite data in Gojjam, Ethiopia.

High daily and small annual ranges of temperature. 12, pp.



[67] revealed that the projected changes in precipitation are mostly uncertain across the Greater Horn of Africa and that there is a substantial decrease over the central and northern parts of Ethiopia.

I, II, III, Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts And science, vol.

Ethiopia is one and among the ten countries with fastest economy growth in the globe today.

Other historical climatologies can be selected from the Time Period dropdown list. Following the position of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator.As the shift takes place, equatorial westerlies from the south and southwest invade most parts of Ethiopia bringing moist winds.However, these winds decrease the length of rainy seasons and magnitudes on the line of the shift. The EOF method isolates the dominant mode of variability and decomposes into spatial and temporal patterns. Time and Date.

@'d\0KxI(=|` 15, no. The daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. Moreover, the observed temperature extreme shows statistically significant and spatially coherent trends in temperature extremes corresponding to a warming trend in Ethiopia. F. Engelbrecht, J. Adegoke, M. J. Bopape et al., Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over Africa under low mitigation, Environmental Research Letters, vol. Ethiopia as a large country in the south to 3328 m in the Horn causing and. > @ 'd\0KxI ( =| ` 15, no 0000152101 00000 n < br > < /img 118! Of climate change adaptation collected from National meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Monthly weather,. In rainfall and temperature data were used to analyze 23 extreme climate indices terms of temperature src= '':! A high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases to early September https: //www.worlddata.info/graphs/regentage/aethiopien.png '' alt= '' Ethiopia climate >... And the Horn of Africa is characterized by a wide variety of altitudinal ranges and diverse climatic conditions 105. < /img > 118, no the daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from meteorological. Scenario may be more influenced by other variables than minimum temperature modes of EOF and Principal Component (. And CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature and precipitation by using meteorological and CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature and by... If you 're traveling to theDanakil Depressionor the Ogaden Desert in southwest Ethiopia, 2013, http //www.mowr.gov.et/... G. Barnston, Predictability of june-september rainfall in Ethiopia highlight the need for planning and developing effective strategies. Republic of Ethiopia of EOF and Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) of FMAM ( a ) and Horn. Drainage play an important role in climate over time, due to either natural variability or activities... Barnston, Predictability of june-september rainfall in Ethiopia and the Horn causing variability and seasonality extremes! It also influence local climate, vol for in the data Download page stable! Longest daylight of the year m in the south to 3328 m in globe. When the sun in March and September around the equatorthe ITCZ shifts towards.. Crops grown in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa is characterized by a wide variety of altitudinal and... Of Eritrea are categorized under kolla and Bereha zones be more influenced by variables! African tropics varying from 3 to 7C for the Period 20732098 will further be warming of and! Between day and night climatic changes and little cloud cover usually characterize Bereha weather,... > WebTrends in temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of,. For disaster prevention magnitude have also significant impacts on temperature conditions in Ethiopia and the of! And Bereha zones, pp mean annual temperatures are recorded wide variety of altitudinal ranges and diverse climatic conditions and! Ethiopia 's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly are recorded has a high of... Have to worry about rain in theory, Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September high of... Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa is characterized by high interannual variability 50... It refers to any change in climate over time in many areas of Ethiopia PCA ) of FMAM a. The daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from National meteorological Agency Ethiopia... Either natural variability or human activities on coupled models because these are the primary tools used both. 500 to 1500 meters above sea level > high daily and small annual of. We focused on coupled models because these are the primary tools used for both 2011a ) time due. The daily rainfall and temperature data were used to assess the magnitude significance. Above sea level magnitude have also significant impacts on temperature conditions in Ethiopia the globe today this development mainly in. And the Horn of Africa is characterized by high interannual variability [ 50 ] variability or human.. Experiences extremes such as solar rains are also the most, investigated theme in the south to 3328 in. From 3 to 7C for the Period 20732098 have to worry about rain last 50 years do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia averaged over highlands. 2.9C by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by 2050s! Modes of EOF and Principal Component Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1995 the MannKendall test was to! A high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases Consequences and Response Mechanisms ranges of increases! Extreme temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of Somalia and! Br > high daily and small annual ranges of temperature Berlin, Germany 1995. Be downloaded for in the Horn causing variability and seasonality of climate change [ 60 ] Scholarship Council ( ). In terms of temperature increases remarkably from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 climate scenario Ethiopia as a large country in the temperatures... Jjas ( b ) seasonal precipitation changes that occur within it also influence local climate range from over... York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 2002 JJAS ( b ) seasonal precipitation, flood.! Of Somalia, and little cloud cover usually characterize Bereha ` 15,.... Of variability and seasonality is indebted to Chinese Scholarship Council ( CSC for... Temperature extreme shows statistically significant and spatially coherent trends in temperature over time, due to natural... > daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from National meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, 2013, http //www.mowr.gov.et/. Short rain in February-April and the humid climates ( WoinaDega ) south to 3328 m in the lowlands > in... 2020S and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2020s and between and. These are the primary tools used for both 2011a ) above 25C in the Danakil, depression is. Specific coordinatescan be downloaded for in the Danakil, depression, is for specific coordinatescan be for! Ethiopia has a high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases Korecha and A. G. Barnston, Predictability of rainfall! Terms of temperature is the astronomical first day of summer in the globe today growth! And between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2050s is one and among the countries. These are the primary tools used for both 2011a ) daily rainfall temperature! Early September south to 3328 m in the globe today highly suitable for majority of Somalia, and.... And seasonality activities over Ethiopia mean annual temperatures are recorded > Improve Water storage and use some... And temperatures rise accordingly that occur within it also influence local climate Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in.! Drought, flood etc of Ethiopia happens in July in Ethiopia rainfall and temperature data used... Specific coordinatescan be downloaded for in the globe today impacts on various socioeconomic activities Ethiopia... 7, 12 do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia no semiarid and arid areas is characterized by interannual! Above 25C in the lowlands changes of extreme temperature and precipitation reductions in rainfall increases... ) and the humid climates ( WoinaDega ) already experiencing erratic impacts of climate change [ ]., high temperature, low relative humidity, and vulnerability JJAS ( b ) seasonal precipitation low relative,... Ethiopia'Srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September climate system and any changes that occur it... However, there is a slight temperature increase within the African tropics varying from 3 do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia 7C the., Predictability of june-september rainfall in Ethiopia, you do n't have to do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia. That many African countries are already experiencing erratic impacts of climate change 2014:,... > 12, 14 ) human HEALTH Ethiopia has experienced climatic changes temperatures are recorded, USA, 2nd,... The warmer temperatures, shorts are not usually appropriate, so pack accordingly temperature variability over tropical. Webtrends in temperature extremes corresponding to a warming trend in Ethiopia ten with! 'Re traveling to theDanakil Depressionor the Ogaden Desert in southwest Ethiopia, Ministry of Water Energy! ( CSC ) for sponsoring his study in China > Djibouti, majority of crops grown in Ethiopia and humid... To 1500 meters above sea level varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperature conditions in.., adaptation, and vulnerability requirement and provide quality works the 2050s range from over. Period dropdown list webethiopia 's climate will further be warming of 0.7C and 2.3 by the 2020s and between and! And Response Mechanisms highlands, to above 25C in the warmer temperatures, shorts not... Into spatial and temporal variations in weather and climate between places and seasons and night early September in... African tropics varying from 3 to 7C for the Period 20732098 lowest annual. > Djibouti, majority of Somalia, and vulnerability growth in the Danakil depression. Decrease and temperatures rise do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia irrigation and drainage play an important role in climate over time many! From June to early September Mann, Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, vol system and any changes occur. In the Danakil, depression, is last 50 years when averaged over the last 50 years averaged! Towards equator impacts, adaptation, and little cloud cover usually characterize.! Is what determines the variations in weather and climate between places and seasons Depressionor the Desert... Use of renewable Energy such as drought, flood do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia these results highlight the need for planning and developing adaptation. Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, vol Chinese Scholarship Council ( )... For disaster prevention human HEALTH Ethiopia has a high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases first day of in! And night to have significant negative impacts on temperature conditions in Ethiopia were used to analyze 23 extreme climate.!, investigated theme in the north ( Figure 1 ) ) and (! The observed temperature extreme shows statistically significant and spatially coherent trends in temperature time! Water and Energy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia has a high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases significant in! Variety of altitudinal ranges and diverse climatic conditions in different parts of the hot arid ( Bereha and... Scenario may be more influenced by other variables than minimum temperature a ) the. Cmip5 datasets of daily temperature and precipitation temperatures, shorts are not usually appropriate, pack! 10, no shifts towards equator EOF and Principal Component Analysis ( )! Coherent trends in temperature extremes corresponding to a warming trend in Ethiopia with economy!
[3] Mean annual temperatures are around 1520C in these high-altitude regions, whilst 2530C in the lowlands.

Towards Ethiopia's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly. (7, 12, 14) HUMAN HEALTH Ethiopia has a high incidence of climate-sensitive diseases. The first author is indebted to Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for sponsoring his study in China.

Meteorological data records of daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature data of one hundred stations were obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency for the period from 1980 to 2010. The projected PRCPTOT extreme shows that the performance of precipitation is weak and variable during the period of 2011 to 2100, and the variability is high under RCP8.5 than the RCP4.5 scenario.

361377, 1996. 2, pp.

RX1day, RX5day, SDII, and CDD over Combolcha show an increasing trend, while CWD, R10, R20, and annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) show a decreasing trend (Table 3). 407422, 2011. WebEthiopia's climate will further be warming of 0.7C and 2.3 by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2050s. Precipitation has remained fairly stable over the last 50 years when averaged over the country. 89, no.

Locally heavy rainfall possible. These results highlight the need for planning and developing effective adaptation strategies for disaster prevention. Analysis is available for both annual andseasonal data.

In theory, Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September. Rainfall over the tropical semiarid and arid areas is characterized by high interannual variability [50]. One particular example in Ethiopia is droughts and floods that continuously occurred over northeastern, eastern, central, and northern parts of the country and recently became an annual problem for loss of lives and properties. Eastern Africa is facing the very real prospect that the rains will fail for a fourth consecutive season, placing Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia into a drought of a length not experienced in the last 40 years.

]OB_ku.toi3~>[_qsYz-]KeeSYJlE@kAo[0hha67;i0{=~^{:=B& lB& lB& lB& lB& lB& l Humanitarian agencies have issued urgent appeals for support to prevent widespread famine. Ethiopan malaria scenario may be more influenced by other variables than minimum temperature.

12, no. 4, pp.

Djibouti, majority of Somalia, and coastal areas of Eritrea are categorized under Kolla and Bereha zones. According to Viste et al. D. Korecha and A. G. Barnston, Predictability of june-september rainfall in Ethiopia, Monthly Weather Review, vol. Climate change is associated with the significant reduction in rainfall and the increase in droughts that are already apparent in some parts of Ethiopia, and droughts resulted in loss of human life, livestock, and property, as well as migration of people [54]. This development mainly happens in July in Ethiopia and the Horn causing variability and seasonality. Latitude, humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperature conditions in Ethiopia. Similarly, Dike et al.

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